Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust and constitutes 7.3% by mass. In nature however it only exists in very stable combinations with other materials (particularly as silicates and oxides) and it was not That Until 1808 its existence was first established. It stores many years of painstaking research to "unlock" the metal from its ore and many more to Produce a viable, commercial production process
mineral ore
The main ore minerals of aluminum is bauxite
TERMS bauxite
It is a rock (sediment) ore of aluminum, as aluminum oxide mineral hidroksid consist of gibbsite Al (OH) 2, bohmite Alo (OH), and diaspore Alo (OH
Ganesh bauxite formed when silica in the rocks that contain aluminum terlindikan by weathering processes that occur in tropical and subtropical climates.
The presence of bauxite deposits is controlled by source rocks, ie rocks containing high aluminum, such as granite.Therefore, in the exploration of iron sand deposits, it must be understood distribution of these rocks
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"Petroleum is one of the important material that we have. Every day we use oil and gas for a variety of needs. "Oil and gas also provides a major employment worldwide. Ten of thousand people working in the oil and gas industry.
How many of us find activities and goods that use oil and gas?
Yes, almost all activities require energy, oil and gas are energy sources that can be used in various industrial sectors.Formation of Petroleum
Millions of years ago, the basin or basin in the form of sea life that is filled by marine organisms both animal and microscopic plants, such as plankton. Plankton die-plakton which will sink and accumulate at the bottom of the basin. Over the months since the organism that has died and sunk in the bottom of the basin will be buried by layers of sand and shale deposition. Over millions of years dead organism will be buried deeper and deeper. Karen effect of temperature and pressure so it will decompose dead organisms form a chemical compound called kerogen. This maturation process continues and it will termaturasi kerogen to form hydrocarbons. The perfect ripening process will form the kerogen into oil serdangkan if this maturation process is too long then that is formed is a gas.
"How can we take the oil and gas to the surface of the earth? "
Of the maturation process in the petroleum source rocks (source rock) of oil will migrate up the pressure due to buoyancy, this migration process will fill the reservoir rock is a porous rock. Then be trapped and accumulate as of rock above the redapat rock resevoar insulation or sealing. There are several types of traps or trap petroleum, among other structural trap (anticline) and stratigraphic traps.From oil and gas that is trapped in the reservoir, we can take proper way to drill in position terebut trap. Because of the influence of pressure from within the earth's major oil and gas then shaped liquit will flow out through the drill hole. Petroleum that comes out it still contains a variety of materials such as water and clay, it must be separated before they are sent to refiners. The process of removal of oil and gas from the region found to-oil refinery can be done by flowing through the pipes, but it can also be transferred by way of transported using boats, trucks, trains and other vehicles.
Petroleum System
The concept of petroleum systems, explain the distribution of hydrocarbons in the crust of the earth from the source rocks (source rock) to the reservoir rock.Principal element in the petroleum system are as follows:
- Rock Resources (Source Rock)
- Direction of Migration (Migration Path)
- Rock Reservoir (Reservoir Rock)
In addition to these four basic components, the definition of petroleum systems also involve all the geological processes to create this element. Important factor in the petroleum system include:Organic Richness / type and volume of source rocks (source rock).Temperature and time conditions for source rock maturation (maturation).Time of maturation and expulsion associated with the formation of traps.Adanmya migration path from source to reservoir rocks.Preservation condition terjebaknya trap from time to this day.Relative efficiency of the sealing layer.Petroleum Migration to Antikline
"Where oil can accumulate ...? "
oil and gas contained in the pore batuandan accumulated in the trap-shaped anticline folds which form layers of limestone. Drilling wells to take oil from this trap. Anticline trap is a trap type most often found in petroleum exploration.
Natural oil seeps:
Occur where the layer due to fault rupture (faulting), hydrocarbons appear in permukaa, raises tar, gas and oil on the surface of the earth.
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Tin is a chemical element minerals have a name which in Latin means Sn Stannum silvery white metal, with low hardness, density 7.3 g/cm3, and has electrical conductivity and thermal properties of height.
Under normal circumstances (13 - 1600C), a shiny metal and is widely used in the manufacture of household appliances.region has the largest mineral deposit in Indonesia is the Riau Islands.
Riau Islands is part of the largest deposits in Indonesia, the world which stretches from Myanmar to the Riau Islands, continues to Karimata Island to the west of Borneo. Deposition of tin ore in this area is largely a residual residual weathering of sedimentary rocks that originally contained tin ore. Sea in this area is a shallow sea with a depth of about 25 meters, known as the Sunda Shelf region. Sunda Shelf land once believed to consist of 3 major islands in Indonesia, namely Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan, which are now separated because of abuse and regression of sea water. But in reality, only Java and Sumatra, are many roads Mountains and Mount api.Di Kalimantan okay, but the volcano but no longer active and not as an active volcano in Java and Sumatra.
All of that is due process and regression trangresi sea water before, lasted a long prose (in a geological time scale) which then undergo a process of inundation of sea water. Because this mineral is the result of minerals from magma intrusion, not mineral rarely found in areas of Java and Sumatra.
Usefulness of tin minerals, among others:
1. As the material appliances.
2 furniture. Make solder
3. Plate
4 tin. Metal coating
5. Metal decoration
6. Used in Chemical Industry and war equipment
So Tin minerals are minerals that formed due to intrusion of magma through the cracks or burly-burly of granite so that the granite magma and also because of the influence of minerals - mineral-related or mixed into the magma chamber itself.
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